Obstacles in chain survey pdf

Seventytwo percent of survey respondents reported their organization did. How to overcome obstacles during chain survey a ow to overcome pond or swamp as an obstacle. Types of obstacles in chain surveying types of obstacles xy is the chain line and. For example, forestry companies could share a unique terminal to split the. It measures a series of straight lines on the ground with a chain or tape measure and all fixed points relative to the line of traverse either by right angles offsets or tie lines. It may be either ground reconnaissance or aerial reconnaissance survey. Errors in chain surveying types and causes the constructor. In chain survey, the area to be surveyed is divided into a framework consisting of triangles. Measuring distances for a variety of survey purposes, such as the length of a baseline between two survey stations. Though it is desirable to select stations so as to avoid obstacles, occasionally the obstacles are. Individuals working in supply chain management are faced with challenges everyday.

It is the most important line, fixes up the directions of all other lines. Surveying civil engineering gate 2020 study material pdf is useful for students and aspirants preparing for gate 2020 on self. The surveyor swings the tape on chain line and selects the point on the chain where offset distance is the least fig. To what extent is the supply chain already digitalized on both the customer side. According to the apics operations management body of knowledge.

Chain survey becomes more complicated method when there are raised points obstacles in between areas to be surveyed. Demonstration of chain surveying related to field work and office work. Surveying, types of obstacles in chain surveying, civil. To optimize these financial processes, financial supply chain management fscm helps companies looking from a more. Surveying is an art of determining the relative positions of various points on, above or below the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurement of distance, direction and elevation. A survey on obstacles and difficulties of practical. An optimized supply chain allows a company to quickly assess a suppliers ability to meet financial, legal, safety, quality, and environmental regulations and expectations. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations. It is available in 66 ft length, provided with 100 links. Aug 26, 2017 in this method, a portion of the chain, 15 ft to 30 ft is generally used. The first volume covers in 24 chapters, the most common surveying operations. Setting out a chain line as part of a chain and offset survey to. These types of chains comes in many lengths such as 5, 10, 20 and 30 meters. Then, mark stations using suitable means such as fixing ranging poles, driving pegs, and digging and fixing a stone.

Obstacles in chaining when selecting survey stations, some survey lines might get selected in which there are obstructions. Purpose the purpose of this paper is to explain to what degree supplier relationship obstacles and operational tool obstacles hinder supply chain integration of the performance management. Distance measurement measuring wheels distance measurement taping or chaining for centuries engineers have measured distances with ropes, lines, or cords the term chaining is a carryover from the time when the gunter chain was used 1600s gunters chain was designed and introduced. Determination of two inaccessible points with compass\r4. The 5 most difficult obstacles for procurement professionals. Gunters chain also known as gunters measurement is a distance measuring device used for surveying. It provides a comprehensive assessment of theory application. Obstacles in ranging, obstacles in chain surveying. In chain survey few people are needed to conduct the survey. Chain a chain is mainly used in chain surveying to measure the distances. Because of its ease of use, it is used during reconnaissance survey as a quick method of surveying to get a rough idea in the location to be surveyed. It sometimes happens that a survey line passes through some object such as a pond.

The current and future state of digital supply chain. This chain continuously grows when new blocks are appended to it. Surveyor swings the tape on chain line and selects the point on chain where offset distance is the least fig. The following are disadvantages of simple chain survey. Oct 09, 2010 before chain survey is carried out area to be surveyed is inspected carefully to ascertain any difficulty encountered during actual survey work, this inspection is called recii. Firstly, inspect the area to be surveyed and prepare key plan. Tallies are provided at every 2m of the chain for quick reading. After participating in this fieldwork students will become more comfortable with handling chain and ranging rods. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and.

Chain survey is the simplest and commonest method used in surveying exercises. Aug 03, 2018 it may not be conducted in areas with steep slopes or water logged areas. The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows. The chain is held horizontally with zero ends of it at p on the ground, while the point q1 vertically below the other end of the chain at q is found by means of a droparrow. This is most suitable adapted to small plane areas with very few details. A triangle is a simple figure which can be plotted from the lengths of three sides even if the angles are not known. During this inspection surveyor ensure solution of such difficulties, these difficulties are termed as obstacles, to be more precise there are two types of obstaclesa. An offset is the lateral distance of an object or ground feature measured from a survey line. If carefully done, it gives quite accurate results. The angle of offset from a point on a chain line is 900 ii.

Draw the details in a suitable scale to produce a detailed map of the area. Youll find the biggest obstacles discussed below, along with tips to overcome them. Chain surveying, it is a method of surveying in which no angles are measured but only linear measurement is taken in the field by using a chain or tape measure. The survey supply details for a particular engineering schemes and could include setting out of the work on the ground and dimensional control on such schemes. Simple chain survey cannot be conducted in built up areas and large areas.

A study of electronics firms in malaysia dear sirmadam, this survey examines various aspects of supply chain management practices in an organisation. To survey an area by chain survey across obstacles and to calculate the obstructed lengths by using different methods. This article includes the definition of chain survey along with all detailed information with necessary images about various aspects of chain surveying. What are the obstacles in chain survey and methods to correct. A survey on obstacles and difficulties of practical implementation of horizontal collaboration in logistics. Examples of usage measuring distances for a variety of survey purposes, such as the length of a baseline between two survey stations. Viewer has to keep in mind that this video only shows the basics of chain surveying observation in field, it also. With a global view and a transparent supply base, international supply chain operators can identify reliable suppliers anywhere in the world.

These problems of obstacles in ranging can be solved by establishing mutually visible intermediate stations by reciprocal ranging as explained further. Since the accuracy of the whole survey work depends upon the accuracy of the base line, it should be laid off on the ground level as much as possible. Compass surveying principles use of prismatic compass, measurement of. Chain surveying it is the simplest and oldest form of land surveying of an area using linear measurements only.

With different emphases most definitions of supply chain management, efficient consumer response and vertical marketing systems agree on the vertical cooperation aspect within the value chain e. Build up the other chain lines by using beam compasses. Topography of land can create difficulties in ranging, i. Chain survey free download as powerpoint presentation. Lack of internal communication via flickr by cambodia4kidso. Civil engineering assignment help, surveying, types of obstacles in chain surveying.

Chain surveying definition, details, procedure civil. The longest chain line in chain surveying is often called the base line. Viewer has to keep in mind that this video only shows the basics of chain surveying observation in. Survey of a given area by prismatic compass \closed tr\ averse\ and\rplotting after adjustment\r5. Oct 30, 2011 underground details include survey of water mains, sewer etc. Supply chain management is often one of the most overlooked departments in a corporation when it is a priority. It covers different scenarios of obstacles to either chaining or ranging. Chain survey method for performing chain surveying how to. What are the obstacles in chain survey and methods to. It becomes more complicated when survey is conducted in areas that are too wet.

It is the main and longest line from which all measurements to demonstrate details of the work are taken. Apics invited more than 9,000 professionals to participate in a survey, which took place from june through july 2011. In this video, i have talked about obstacles to chaining and survey lines. The length of the chain, of course, depends upon the steepness of the sloping surface. Deloittes 2018 global blockchain survey findings and insights 4 overview and methodology the deloitte us and global blockchain practices commissioned this survey in march and april 2018, primarily as a research vehicle to gain greater insights into the overall attitudes and investments in blockchain as a technology. The base line passes through the center of the field. Ill ustr ate a sol ution w itout settin g out a rightangle athe line ab is range d, but the measur ement of ab cann ot be taken directly.

This is an exhaustive preliminary survey of the land to be surveyed. Such a terminal often has large investments and requires a set of machines to. Factors which influence the use of chains measured distances are limited to the length of the chain, usually 50. In this method the lengths of lines marked on the field are measured, while the details are measured by offsets and ties from these lines. Generally a chain consists of 100 or 150 links each 300 mm or 200 mm length. Types of chains used in surveying, their parts, testing. It is available in lengths of 5, 10, 20 and 30 meters. Normally chain survey team has three people booker, leader and follower.

Underground details include survey of water mains, sewer etc. The errors formed in chaining can be either cumulative error and compensating error. This term is often used in chain surveying, the longest of the chain lines formed in doing a survey is generally regarded as the base line. Setting out a chain line as part of a chain and offset survey to carry out, for example, detail mapping. Lecture 09 obstacles in chaining obstacles in chaining. Chain following types of chains are used metric chain. Principles of chain surveying or linear surveying civil. Brass tags were fastened at each ten links and notches in the tags indicated the number of ten link segments between the tag and the end of the tape.

Nov 08, 2017 chain surveying it is the simplest and oldest form of land surveying of an area using linear measurements only. Supply chain risk challenges and practices one of the goals of this study was to learn the function risk plays in supply chain and operations management. Chain surveysurveying is a very old method of surveying. We propose a taxonomy composed of four categories categorizing the practical issues according to a value chain approach. In this survey only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting calculation etc. It is the exercise of physically measuring horizontal distances. In chain survey, only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as. Types of chains used in surveying, their parts, testing and. Chain a chain is made of steel, which has good stability and less bulk than a stylon reel, but is more prone to damage and wear. This volume is one of the two which offer a comprehensive course in those parts of theory and practice of plane and geodetic surveying that are most commonly used by civil engineers. If these obstructions can be overcome by applying special techniques, then such lines can be selected. Financial supply chain is all about the movement of money along the chain. Chain survey surveying is a very old method of surveying.

In this method, a portion of the chain, 15 ft to 30 ft is generally used. Obstacles in chain surveying in telugu for diploma and b. Sep 09, 2016 demonstration of chain surveying related to field work and office work. Each topic introduced is thoroughly described, the theory is rigorously developed, and a large number. Your participation is critical to the success of the study. During this inspection surveyor ensure solution of such difficulties, these difficulties are termed as obstacles, to be more precise there are two types of obstacles a. Survey respondents rated themselves an average of 5. The chain is stretched in the direction ab and the arrow is placed in advance of the end b of the chain by an amount equal to bc, the hypotenusal allowance, such that the horizontal equivalent of the total distance i. The distortion due to errors in measurement and plotting should be minimum. It can be defined as the process of taking direct measurement, although not.

Supply chain visibility platformstools 94%, big data analytics 90%, simulation tools 81% and cloud 80% are seen as the biggest technology enablers of digital supply chain transformation but 48% of respondents admit that right now traditional methods such as phone, fax, email are still the. The term chain comes from the form of the early tapes which were composed of 100 links, each one foot long. Before chain survey is carried out area to be surveyed is inspected carefully to ascertain any difficulty encountered during actual survey work, this inspection is called recii. In our view we feel that kind of defeats the purpose of having a network itself because it just recreates silos. Draw the check lines, and if there are any errors, check the drawn lines in the incorrect triangles. Select point d on ca and find e as a proportional distance of cd x cbca. In this method the lengths of lines marked on the field are measured, while the details are measured by offsets from these line. In the first question block, the current situation was examined with regard to digitalization of the supply chain. The three main obstacles in chaining of a line are of the following types. An assistant holds the end of the tape on the object. Key challenges there have been a few different startups trying to create basically their own blockchains with specific usecases. Metric chains are the most commonly used chain in india. What is chain surveying part 1 ssc je preparation 2018.

Chain surveying chain tape surveying is the simplest form of detail surveying. It enabled plots of land to be accurately surveyed and plotted, for legal and commercial purposes. Obstacles to chaining distance between points past an obstacle to find ab, take a convenient point c and measure ca and cb. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. Therefore, the early tapes looked like a chain of one hundred links.

The lines that join main stations are termed as chain line or main survey lines. It was designed and introduced in 1620 by english clergyman and mathematician edmund gunter 15811626. During measurements, it is impossible to set out all the chain lines in a straightforward method. A good knowledge of chain surveying is therefore essential to a proper knowledge of surveying as a whole.